Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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How is information converted in translation?
Translation is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds. It is essentially a translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino acid sequence).
Where does translation take information in?
the ribosome
Where Translation Occurs. Within all cells, the translation machinery resides within a specialized organelle called the ribosome. In eukaryotes, mature mRNA molecules must leave the nucleus and travel to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located.
How does DNA translation work?
DNA translation is the term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. The genetic information in DNA is used as a basis to create messenger RNA (mRNA) by transcription. Single stranded mRNA then acts as a template during translation.
What does the process of translation results in?
The amino acid sequence is the final result of translation, and is known as a polypeptide. Polypeptides can then undergo folding to become functional proteins. All enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins go on to become enzymes; some serve other functions.
What kind of information is translated during translation?
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
What is converted in translation?
In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell.
What is the main purpose of translation?
What is the purpose of translation? The purpose of translation is for mRNA to be read and translated into a sequence of amino acids. How are DNA and mRNA alike? They both contain genetics.
Where does translation and transcription take place in a cell?
Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein.
Where does translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
cytoplasm
The eukaryotic nucleus therefore provides a distinct compartment within the cell, allowing transcription and splicing to proceed prior to the beginning of translation. Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
What do you call the change in the base sequence of the DNA that changes the individual genes?
DNA is a dynamic and adaptable molecule. As such, the nucleotide sequences found within it are subject to change as the result of a phenomenon called mutation.
Why do we need to study translation?
Translation enables effective communication between people around the world. It is a courier for the transmission of knowledge, a protector of cultural heritage, and essential to the development of a global economy. Highly skilled translators are key. Translation Studies helps practitioners develop those skills.
What happens at the end of translation?
Lastly, termination occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, and UGA). Since there are no tRNA molecules that can recognize these codons, the ribosome recognizes that translation is complete. The new protein is then released, and the translation complex comes apart.
What happens when the translation makes a mistake?
Mutations that happen during Transcription and Translation. What happens if there is a mistake (mutation) in the DNA code? Possibly proteins won’t be made or are made improperly. If the mutations occur in the gametes, the offspring’s DNA will be affected positively, negatively, or neutrally.
What is translation in biochemistry?
Translation is a process by which polypeptides are synthesized from a mRNA transcript, which was previously synthesized from the process of transcription. During this process, tRNA acts as a carrier by bringing with it specific amino acids to the ribosome, which are then incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain.
What happens during the process of translation biology quizlet?
What happens during the process of translation? The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
How is information translated during protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is accomplished through a process called translation. After DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule during transcription, the mRNA must be translated to produce a protein. In translation, mRNA along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes work together to produce proteins.
What happens in translation in protein synthesis?
Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome. Then, rRNA helps bonds form between the amino acids, producing a polypeptide chain.
What are the steps in the process of translation?
Translation is the process of converting mRNA to an amino acid chain. There are three major steps to translation: initiation, elongation, and termination.
How does translation affect literature?
Translation gives us access to the literature of the world.It affects the meaning of the vocabularies and ideas that may cause the misunderstanding for the actions of the whole literary work; therefore translation should have its place in the language curriculum of English Departments.
Why is translation important in literature?
Translation matters. It affects the reader’s response to a literary piece.Literary translation involves translating dramatic and creative poetry and prose into other languages, and it is a hugely important task. It helps to shape a reader’s understanding of the world, their history, philosophy, politics, and more.