The in-text citation consists of author surname(s)/family name(s), in the order that they appear on the actual publication, followed by the year of publication of the source that you are citing. For direct quotes, make sure to include page or paragraph number. eg.
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How do you reference in-text Harvard style?
An in-text citation should appear wherever you quote or paraphrase a source in your writing, pointing your reader to the full reference. In Harvard style, citations appear in brackets in the text. An in-text citation consists of the last name of the author, the year of publication, and a page number if relevant.
How do you cite in-text APA?
Summary or paraphrase
- APA Style (7th Edition) APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) General Format. Additional Resources.
- MLA Formatting Lists. MLA 9th Edition Changes.
How do you in-text cite APA 7th?
Parenthetical Citations
APA 7 Style uses the author-date citation method with parentheses. After a quote, add parentheses containing the author’s name, the year of publication, and the page number(s) the quote appears. For quotations that are on one page, type “p.” before the page number.
How do you write et al in text Harvard?
In the citation, if a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase “et al.” Example citations: It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2011).
How do you use et al?
How to Use Et Al.
- Don’t use et al.
- For references with three to five authors, list all the authors in the first citation of the work, but abbreviate using the name of the first author and et al.
- For references with more than six authors, cite using the first author’s name plus et al.
What does et al mean in APA?
and others
in APA Style. One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning “and others.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.
In-Text Citations:
- Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and date of publication.
- When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the article title using double quotation marks, “headline-style” capitalization, and the year.
When Should et al be used in APA Style?
The phrase “et al.” is used with in-text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. Include the name of only the first author’s last name plus “et al.” in every citation.
How do you use et al in APA 7th edition?
In APA 7, for a work with three or more authors, list the first author and “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.
APA in-text citations with multiple authors
If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.
Is et al in italics Harvard?
To use “et al.” in your references, state the name of the first listed author and follow it by “et al.” in italics in the author section of the citation.
How cite et al?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten in-text citations with three or more authors. Here’s how it works: Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
How do you use et al in MLA?
in MLA style. The format to write et al. is always the same: et al. Use lowercase letters with no punctuation after et and a period after al.
How do you in text cite et al in MLA?
When mentioning the authors in the text, give all of the authors’ names or list the first author and write “and others”. For the parenthetical citation and Works Cited citation, give the first author’s name followed by et al.
If there are three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”) in place of the subsequent authors’ names. (Note that there is a period after “al” in “et al.” Also note that there is never a period after the “et” in “et al.”).
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author’s name followed by et al. and the year. References: Author Surname, First Initial.
Is it rude to use et al?
The expression et al., which is always followed by a period, stands for “and others.” So the greetings above would mean: Dear John and others,Et al., the abbreviation of et alii, is about as friendly as a flu shot.
What does eg mean?
for example
I.e. is an abbreviation for the phrase id est, which means “that is.” I.e. is used to restate something said previously in order to clarify its meaning. E.g. is short for exempli gratia, which means “for example.” E.g. is used before an item or list of items that serve as examples for the previous statement.
Multiple Authors
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors’ names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.
Is there a comma before et al?
In MLA style, a comma is generally only used before et al. in the “Author” slot of works-cited-list entries when the author’s first and last names are reversed: Burdick, Anne, et al.